Determining the sex of the child using a pregnancy ultrasound

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Determining the sex of the child using ultrasound is difficult during multiple pregnancies. A singleton pregnancy allows you to determine the sex of the future heir by obvious signs - the presence or absence of a penis.

Determining the sex of the fetus can also be difficult in this case if it is carried out in the early stages and using outdated ultrasound machines.

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How and when does sex formation occur in the fetus?

From the moment of conception, each embryo has a “program” that will allow the fetus to become a boy or a girl.

The formation of the genital organs begins at 8 weeks of pregnancy. On ultrasound this moment remains unrecognized. The shape and size of the baby do not allow us to determine the presence of genitalia.

By 12-13 weeks, the diagnostician can observe the fetal genitals on an ultrasound scan. They are visualized in the form of a tubercle, which cannot yet be reliably identified as a penis.

Until the 20th week of fetal development, even the most experienced diagnostician can make a mistake and not give the mother an answer about the sex of the unborn child.

Modern high-tech ultrasound machines can give a visual picture of the genitals at 15=16 weeks. The correct interpretation of the observed objects depends primarily on the experience of the doctor performing the diagnosis. On the monitor screen you can calculate the angle between the back and the baby's genital tubercle. If this angle is more than 30 degrees, then the likelihood that a boy will be born increases.

From 21 weeks, the chances of accurately determining gender double. The fetal genitals are already fully formed. Girls have labia, boys have a penis.

Even with the modern level of diagnostic equipment and highly qualified medical personnel, difficulties arise in the gender identification of the fetus even at late stages of planned ultrasound (32-34 weeks).

Ultrasound during pregnancy is indicated for early diagnosis of pathologies; determining the sex of the child is a pleasant bonus.

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Ultrasound to determine the sex of the child (in addition to the main examination)

Currently, for many parents, the topic of determining the gender of their unborn baby is relevant. Some, after the floor is installed, begin to choose a name for the baby, others - arranging the children's room and purchasing the necessary supplies.

Deadline for determining the sex of the child by ultrasound

The sex of the child is determined in the DNA at the time the egg is fertilized. The reproductive system begins to form at 5-6 weeks of pregnancy. In some cases, it is possible to find out the sex of the child when the 11th week of pregnancy occurs, but the most suitable period for this is the period from 20 to 25 weeks.

Reasons why ultrasound is wrong when determining the sex of a child:

A short period of pregnancy during which the sex of the child is determined (up to 20 weeks of pregnancy).
Many parents want to receive information about the gender of the embryo during the first screening, signing up for sessions of the latest 3D and 4D ultrasound examinations. But even with the use of modern technologies, the sex of the child cannot always be determined with reliable accuracy at 11, 12 or 13 weeks (the time when the initial ultrasound is performed).
However, we should not forget that the first screening has completely different goals, namely to identify the nature of the pregnancy and exclude its ectopic location. And also see how the fetus develops. At this stage, even 3D or 4D ultrasound can still be wrong because during this period many female embryos have slight swelling of the genital organs, which is not a pathology, and they are mistaken for male. So, the most optimal period for determining the sex of the child is 20-24 weeks of pregnancy.
Peculiarities in the behavior of the unborn baby in the second trimester
Even if the pregnancy has reached the 25th week, determining the sex of the child using ultrasound does not always have a reliable result. An important role here is played by the fact that the fetus is already quite large, so it is often curled up in the uterus, which prevents a good view of the genitals.
Fetal size in the third trimester
Here the situation is in many ways similar to the second trimester, but the fetus has become even larger and takes up even more space.
Quality of ultrasound equipment
Of course, if the equipment is technically outdated, then the screening result to determine the sex of the child cannot be considered reliable.
The experience of the specialist who carries out the procedure.
The qualifications and experience of the doctor also play an important role in determining the sex of the baby using an ultrasound device. So specialists, whose work experience is extensive, can accurately determine the gender of the child.

The gender of the unborn child is important not only to future parents, but also to doctors. After all, knowing the sex of the baby, you can exclude the likelihood of various genetic diseases.

In Novocherkassk, you can sign up for an ultrasound to determine the sex of your unborn baby. The presence of qualified specialists and the latest equipment make it possible to identify the gender of the unborn child with maximum accuracy and exclude many pathological conditions.

Why do errors occur?

Ultrasound is a method that allows you to determine signs of gender if the genitals are available for examination.
A baby swimming in the waters often changes his position, turns sideways, turns his back, he can close his legs. Such mobility can cause inaccuracies in determining the sex of the child.
Features of the shape and size of the genital organs may be misinterpreted. The labia are often mistaken for the penis before 21 weeks.
The presence of two or more babies in the uterus often makes it impossible to determine their gender. The tightness in the uterine cavity, mobility and frequent contact with body parts of their “neighbors” do not allow babies to settle in a position convenient for the diagnostician.
Errors or difficulties in determining the sex of a child in later stages are due to the large size of the fetus and the rounded shape of the limbs, which may obscure the genitals from view.

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Timing of an ultrasound scan during pregnancy

The timing and number of planned ultrasound examinations are approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

The law says that a woman is required to undergo the procedure at least 3 times:

The first ultrasound is performed at up to 10-12 weeks, the purpose is to determine the presence of pregnancy, as well as assess the condition of the expectant mother’s organs. The doctor needs to obtain information not only about the woman’s health, but also to assess the development of the fetus (it is in the first trimester that the formation of all important body systems occurs).
Second ultrasound. The Ministry of Health recommends undergoing the procedure from 18 to 22 weeks. During this period, it is possible to identify abnormalities in the child, pathologies of the pregnant woman’s organs, and the condition of the placenta. There is also a pleasant moment - determining the sex of the baby, which is almost completely visualized by the end of the second trimester.
Third ultrasound. The last planned study is carried out at 30-34 weeks. The goal is to assess the development of the fetus and the condition of the woman’s genital organs. In addition, the specialist uses the device to see the position of the child.

Sometimes it is necessary to undergo not 3 procedures, but more. There are several reasons: the threat of miscarriage, suspicion of a frozen pregnancy, deterioration in the well-being of the expectant mother, clarification of the gestational age and the expected date of birth. The baby’s gender cannot always be seen during the second ultrasound examination, so another session is scheduled.

Features of determining the sex of the fetus

The structural features of the walls of the abdominal cavity, the thickness of the uterus, the quality of the placenta, polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios, and the location of the umbilical cord at the time of the study affect the reliability of ultrasound results.

If a family expecting a child has a hereditary disease transmitted through the male or female line, then determining the sex of the baby plays a decisive role in the question of whether to keep the child.

In these rare and sad cases, you can resort to examining the fibers of the placenta or amniotic fluid. This complex operation is performed by penetrating the uterine cavity and fetal membranes.

A woman who is in a tender and exciting period of life can choose a private clinic through the “Your Doctor” Help Desk and sign up for an ultrasound.

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This article is posted for educational purposes only and does not constitute scientific material or professional medical advice.

Author:

Kasabov Alexander Vladimirovich Urologist, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Ultrasound Doctor
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“There was a mistake” - what to do if the child turns out to be the “wrong gender”

Family planning and expecting a child is impossible without thinking about exactly how the child will be born, what he will look like, and what name he might get. In China and India, these issues have given rise to the phenomenon of selective abortion, when expectant parents get rid of a fetus with an expected female gender.

In Russia, some families plan and try to “program” the gender of their unborn child. And certainly the majority seeks to recognize it based on ultrasound data. But what if expectations were disappointed? How to curb your emotions and not spoil your relationship with your child?

“This is all such obscurantism that it’s even creepy”

Often the “ceiling” of every family’s dreams is to give birth to both a boy and a girl. So to say, so that no one is offended. But, unfortunately for many parents, nature decides everything itself at the moment of conception.

After two stripes, parents begin to make plans for their future child, imagining him as a boy with whom they can play football, go to the garage, and continue the history of the family name. Others imagine a girl - an assistant or, for example, a future stage star. It’s good when expectations coincide with reality, but the opposite can also happen.

“There was a girl lying with me, not Russian. No one from her relatives came to see her because she was expecting a girl. We talked, and it turned out that my husband only needed a son. She cried quietly"

— Chitka Lyudmila Kobylkina recalls the maternity hospital.

“I know the stories of Armenian families where girls were born, but the father wanted a boy. And my mother had abortions until the analysis showed a boy. I also know the story of a woman when, after three daughters, she decided to have a son, so that her husband would not leave, as her father once did - he went to a Russian woman, who bore him a son, and left her three daughters. This is all such obscurantism that it’s even creepy,”

— Kristina Mkrtchyan shares.

Chitinka Marina recalls that she also dreamed of a boy all her life:

“When I became pregnant, everyone around was sure that it would be a boy. My husband too. When the time came to find out the gender, naturally, I had no doubt that it was a boy. But then they tell me it’s a girl. It was a tragedy. I went to three more different ultrasounds, and everyone said it was a girl. I was terribly worried, I couldn’t accept it. It was even my mother-in-law who told my husband, not me. Naturally, he was upset and very worried too. When I gave birth to my daughter, I looked into her eyes and realized that I loved her. But I still want a son. But I’ll probably never decide to get pregnant if I’m not sure that my feelings about the gender of the unborn child will be neutral.”

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Elena Rogotneva also dreamed of a boy. The girl did not even consider the possibility that it might be a girl. For a long time, the ultrasound machine could not “see” the gender of her baby. Only at the 31st week did the child decide to “open up”:

“I went to see Dr. Najaf-Zadeh, and he says “she” everywhere. I ask what, is it a girl? He says, well, yes. At first I was upset. I even told my mother that I was afraid that I might not love her. But when she was born, I sighed with relief, looked at her and said “it’s so good that it’s a girl.” Now I’m very happy, but of course I want a boy as my second.”

“My husband was upset that we had the boy. He told all his relatives that the child was not his, but now he still pampers him, feeds him, and does everything. But it feels like there would be a different attitude towards my daughter.”

,” admits the cheat Nadezhda Mayanskaya.

“Don’t hold back your emotions” - advice from a psychologist

Family psychologist at the Academy of Health clinic, Oksana Titova, as it turned out, had herself been in a story where a child was of the “wrong” gender: “My husband and I really wanted a boy, because our first child was a girl. They counted by blood, waited 2 years to conceive a boy, and in the end, an ultrasound showed a girl. This is where there was universal disappointment. The first desire is to have an abortion and start a new path towards your dream. I lived with this thought for a day, but we loved this child, we were waiting for him so much, how can we part with him?! Within a week we decided that we would go get the boy next time, and somehow everything fell into place. Now I am a happy mother - for 17 years. As it turned out, the boy was not really needed. I just needed a child."

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How can parents come to terms with the idea that they are expecting a child of the opposite sex? Oksana Titova advises that if you were disappointed by the news about the baby’s gender, then it is important to understand the reason why you wanted to give birth to a son or daughter.

“So many mothers feel disappointed. Dads, and even grandparents, experience it. But they, as a rule, rarely show their emotions. After all, each of us has our own dreams and ideas,”

- says the psychologist.

— What influences the desire to give birth to only a daughter or only a son?
“Such a desire, sometimes unconsciously, can arise in childhood.
This is especially true for girls. After all, girls play with dolls, roll them around in strollers, braid their hair, and put on beautiful dresses. Such games give them positive emotions and make them feel like adults. Having grown up, the girl will probably want to give birth to a daughter in order to make her childhood dreams and fantasies come true, and also to experience those happy moments again. Many dads are “programmed” from childhood that they need to continue their family name. There is nothing bad about this. However, a father, upon learning that he is expecting a daughter, especially a second or third, may become very discouraged. After all, he never fulfilled his “duty.” Let's not forget about dreams. Dad also wants to have a son, to whom he dreamed of passing on all his knowledge and skills. For some, their dreams coincide with reality, and the world will never know that they wanted a baby of a completely different gender. However, those whose fantasies diverge from reality also very rarely talk about this to anyone except those closest to them, because disappointments associated with their child are usually hushed up in modern society. — How to accept the fact that a child is of an unwanted gender?
— Firstly, once you find out, you shouldn’t withdraw into yourself and hold back your emotions.
It is important to share your experiences with loved ones who will find words of support. Even if they do not console you, you will express your emotions, since holding them back inside and directing your feelings towards the child is much worse. Believe me, he feels everything and worries no less than you. Secondly, you should not blame yourself if you no longer have the same feelings for your child. You are now upset, because of these negative emotions you do not feel love for the baby. But as soon as you accept this news and get used to the idea, you will definitely feel the same love for your child.

Thirdly, do not blame your husband, diet, tables and other various methods of conceiving a child of a certain gender - they have nothing to do with it. Be sure that exactly the right children come to us, and exactly at the moment when they need it. Regardless of gender. Keep in mind that children, while they are small, develop in the same way and gender differences are practically not felt. They are equally sweet, gentle and the most loved.

Differences will begin to appear only by school age. But then, you will forget about your undesirable attitude towards the gender of the child. After all, maternal instinct and love extends to its children equally, regardless of gender. This is confirmed by the stories of mothers who once faced this problem. And one of these moms is me.

Therefore, cry, be sad and don’t let anyone stop you from feeling what’s in your soul. It is important not to get stuck at this stage. Ask yourself the question, why do I need a child, for what purpose? To solve some of your problems, or to make it like others? Then you will experience disappointments at all stages of the child’s growing up. His birth did not solve the problem - disappointment, it decided - why is he needed now? My opinion is that you need to clearly understand why. — What to do when dad categorically does not want the birth of a daughter?
- Firstly, convey to dad the information that he is the one who determines the sex, he is the carrier of the Y chromosome, which is responsible for the sex of the child.
Whoever he “sowed” was born. Secondly, his daughter will give him grandchildren, for whom he will definitely have time, patience and wisdom, and all his dreams will come true in them. Thirdly, many daughters keep the surname of their beloved father and pass it on to their children. According to Oksana Titova, a child is needed for no reason. Children come to us so that we can share this world with them. We so want to find love - the child loves us simply because we are us, he is happy that you are nearby, he will share everything with you if you allow.

“During natural conception, it is impossible to reliably plan the gender of the child”

While conducting a survey on this topic on the social network VKontakte, I came across a comment that I wanted to discuss with a specialist in order to dispel myths and warn parents.

The girl said: “I will give birth to a second one only after planning, only a girl, maybe, I will not give birth to a second boy! […] At the family planning center, I already found out that they somehow calculate according to a cycle, I don’t know how and how much it works out. Two friends applied, the gender matched.”

Our expert, Associate Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry of the ChSMA, Candidate of Medical Sciences, doctor of the highest category Elena Akhmetova counters - 100% guessing the sex of the unborn child is only possible with in vitro fertilization and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD): “PGD is mainly used for genetic diseases in parents, in order to exclude the transmission of this disease to the child, and is also performed in married couples with recurrent miscarriage and in case of repeated unsuccessful IVF attempts. During natural conception, it is impossible to reliably plan the gender of the child with high accuracy (at least 85%).

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There is a lot of theory, a large number of experimental calculation tables developed in China and Japan are used to plan the gender of the child - they are based on a combination of the spouses’ date of birth, the month of conception, as well as the Rh factor of the parents, but this is all more of a pleasant game. The match of the child’s gender, of course, with this calculation is 50/50.

For example, French scientists have suggested that the sex of the unborn baby depends on the mother’s diet. Again, this theory has not been reliably confirmed, but nevertheless, in their opinion, if a woman wants a boy, then she should give preference to meat, potatoes, bananas, dates and mushrooms. Food should be seasoned generously with salt! Again, we understand that this is harmful for the healthy functioning of organs and systems!

If a woman wants to conceive a girl, then she must eat eggplant, dairy products, and vegetables such as cucumbers, beets, onions, pumpkin, peppers and sweet peas. And of course, limit your salt intake. At the same time, we must remember that food restriction and diet can have a negative impact on the female body, which can lead to a lack of microelements, vitamin deficiency and, as a result, hormonal disorders and anovulation.” .

The only thing that, from a scientific point of view, can reliably increase the chances of planning the sex of a child is the theory of sperm viability and motility.

It is known that sperm that carry the female X chromosome are more durable, but less fast, while sperm that carry the Y chromosome are faster, but live less. Therefore, it is believed that married couples who are often sexually active and if sexual intercourse was on the day of ovulation, then the likelihood of conceiving a boy is higher. Conversely, if sexual intercourse took place 3-4 days before expected ovulation, then a girl is more likely to be born.

In general, from my point of view, it is not important what gender the unborn child will have, but that he is healthy. The main thing is not to overdo it with calculations and diets, which can harm your body.”

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Anastasia Saltanova12:37, June 17, 2020

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What is the probability of error when determining the sex of a child?

Although ultrasound is an accurate and safe method, it is impossible to determine the sex of the baby 100% with its help. There is an error of the device, a human factor, and peculiarities of the location of the fetus. Can an ultrasound be mistaken about the gender of the baby at 20 weeks? The procedure can predict gender by 90% - the error rate is 10%. In the early stages, it is almost impossible to discern sexual characteristics, but expectant mothers can’t wait to find out who will be born. In the early stages, a specialist only assumes gender, more accurately determining it after 20 weeks.

Finding out whether a child is a boy or a girl is possible with 100% accuracy only with the help of a chorionic villus biopsy. During the procedure, biological material is collected (through a puncture of the abdomen and uterus with a special needle), from which the baby’s chromosome set can be determined. The research is dangerous and is not carried out without special indications, and the simple desire to find out who is in the womb is not included in this list.

Common mistakes during ultrasound

Ultrasound examination (hereinafter referred to as ultrasound) of internal organs is perhaps the most common screening diagnostic method used in modern medicine in general and, in particular, in obstetrics and gynecology. However, ultrasound is performed by humans and for this reason ultrasound errors are inevitable. Ultrasound errors are divided into objective (features of the diagnostic method itself, limited capabilities of the equipment, features of the biological process, imperfect medical knowledge, extreme variety of options for the manifestation of pathology) and subjective (features of the doctor’s personality, insufficient training, errors in reading ultrasound images, etc.).

When performing an ultrasound in early pregnancy, it is necessary to separately highlight the inaccurately determined period of the pregnancy itself, and the untimely completion of the first ultrasound.

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In obstetrics, it is worth considering the following groups of ultrasound errors.

Errors in determining pregnancy.

Sometimes you have to deal with the fact that doctors did not notice a pregnancy during an ultrasound. Most often this happens because a woman comes to her first ultrasound too early. To prevent this from happening, you should clearly know that the fetus is clearly visible on ultrasound at 5 weeks of pregnancy, i.e. after 7 days of delay. However, if ovulation occurs at the wrong time, conception may occur not in the middle of the cycle, but later. It is virtually impossible to determine this, and in some women the fetus will be visible on an ultrasound later, not after 7 days of delay, but after two weeks. In this case, the gynecologist at the antenatal clinic for menstruation will set a period of 5 weeks.

Errors in determining gestational age using ultrasound.

The optimal time for the first ultrasound is 10-11 weeks. At this stage, pregnancy is determined with an accuracy of one day, and with repeated ultrasounds, the doctor easily notices changes in the development of the fetus. As the gestational age increases, the statistical error in the height and weight of the child increases, and this can lead to an error in determining the gestational age. It is especially important not to miss the first ultrasound during a pregnancy that a woman wants to continue.

Gender of the child according to ultrasound.

An erroneous determination of the child’s sex on an ultrasound can occur due to a late attempt to determine the sex, when the child is already too large, the genitals are difficult to display on the monitor screen, or there are loops of the umbilical cord or the child’s hand between the legs of the fetus. The male sex of the fetus is often mistakenly determined. The optimal time to determine the sex of the child is an ultrasound at 17-20 weeks. Although does it really matter who is born - a boy or a girl?)))

Mistakes in diagnosing a frozen or ectopic pregnancy.

These errors are the most important and dangerous and can lead to the most serious consequences. A frozen pregnancy is a pregnancy in which the fetus has died and stopped developing. Most often this happens in the first trimester. In a woman with a five-week frozen pregnancy, an ultrasound error is quite possible due to discrepancies in determining the due date of pregnancy. A period of 2 days in one direction or another can mean whether the beating heart of the fetus will be visible on an ultrasound or not. Based on the absence of heartbeats at 5 weeks, the doctor can determine a frozen pregnancy. The dead fetus must be removed, but curettage is never immediately a question. A pregnant woman should be advised to repeat the study after 5-7 days - suddenly the problem is in determining the duration of pregnancy, and not in the death of the child.

Errors in diagnosing an ectopic pregnancy most often occur in the very early stages, when an ultrasound doctor sees a so-called “false fertilized egg” in the uterus. This ultrasound picture, similar to a normal pregnancy, is due to changes in the endometrium of the uterus due to the onset of pregnancy. To avoid a rupture of the fallopian tube, a woman should be very attentive to her well-being. It’s better to go to the doctor and have an ultrasound once again than to risk your life and health.

Errors in fetal ultrasound, undiagnosed pathology.

Errors during fetal ultrasound, missed congenital malformations, fetal death, variants of malpresentation, variants of placenta previa, and other pregnancy pathologies lead to complications during childbirth and the birth of a sick child. Most often, the reason lies in the quality of the equipment or the inexperience of the doctor.

To avoid errors during ultrasound in obstetrics, it is customary to do repeated studies to ensure the correct course of physiological pregnancy or to determine the dynamics of the development of pathological processes. The safety of ultrasound during pregnancy for the mother and fetus makes ultrasound a very important diagnostic step. Every day and every year, this research saves the lives and health of hundreds of thousands of children and their mothers.

To minimize errors in our medical center, we take and attach to the study protocol the required number of images from a medical point of view for FREE.

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Are ultrasounds mistaken about the sex of the baby?

There is a catchphrase “medicine is an inexact science,” so the answer to the question of whether ultrasounds make mistakes about the gender of the child is, of course, yes, mistakes are possible. Observations suggest that erroneous ultrasound results are recorded with a frequency of 1 in 20 examinations. There are not many research errors, and each of them has its own explanation. The reliability of diagnostic data depends on many factors:

Gestational age at the time of the study. The longer the period, the lower the likelihood of erroneous results in determining the sex of the baby.
Level of equipment used. The child cannot be examined in detail using outdated ultrasound machines, which are still used in many diagnostic institutions.
Professionalism and experience of a diagnostician.
Baby's position. It happens that during the examination the child turns away from the sensors, hides the genitals with his legs and arms, as if he is shy, and moves the umbilical cord. In this case, erroneous conclusions are most often made about the child’s gender.

A three-dimensional examination is considered the most reliable, since the equipment for its implementation has the most accurate diagnostic parameters. Before going for a diagnosis, women are advised not to focus on the gender of the baby, but to be happy that he is healthy and developing in accordance with the stage of pregnancy.